Bone Augmentation and Reconstruction: Keystones to Stimulate the Regeneration Process

Reconstruction of complex shaped vertical and lateral bony defects is still a challenging problem for the surgeon, and complications and failures in osseous regeneration constantly occur, especially when bone substitutes are used or blended or when the patient’s tissues are medically compromised. On the base of the human bone physiology and its regenerative healing mechanisms the fundamental mechano-biological keystones in surgical bone augmentation

and reconstruction are presented in a step-by-step approach. Considering the biological requirements in unpredictable stability, early loading and enhanced neo-vascularisation by application of autologous blood concentrates, the complication rate can be reduced and bone augmentation can be performed more successfully even in very compromised patients such as in irradiated bone with application of advanced techniques.

• Understand the bone physiology regarding its regeneration processes and capacities
• Assess the different available bone substitutes and surgical techniques
• Avoid complications by strictly following physiologically based surgical augmentation principles